Mastering Ledger Entries: 30 Real-Life Accounting Problems and Solutions [With PDF]
Understanding ledger entries is crucial for mastering accounting principles. Whether you’re an accounting student, a beginner, or a professional looking to brush up on your skills, this guide will help you navigate real-world accounting problems.
In this post, we’ve compiled 30 accounting transactions, from simple to complex scenarios, all broken down into detailed ledger entries with explanations.
What is a Ledger in Accounting?
A ledger is a record where transactions are organized based on accounts, such as assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity.
Every entry impacts at least two accounts—one being debited and the other credited, ensuring that your books always balance.
Why Are Ledger Entries Important?
Ledger entries help accountants keep track of a business’s financial activities. Without accurate ledger entries, financial statements like the balance sheet and income statement will not be correct, leading to poor decision-making.
Overview of Problems and Solutions:
In this post, we’ve included 30 problems covering common accounting transactions. You’ll find practical examples such as cash purchases, services rendered on credit, and loan payments—all meticulously laid out in the general ledger format.
Topics Covered:
- Simple Cash Transactions
Understand how to record basic cash inflows and outflows in the cash ledger. - Accounts Receivable Entries
Learn how to manage receivables for services provided on credit and payments received. - Equipment and Supplies Purchases
Gain insight into properly recording asset purchases, both in cash and on credit. - Service Revenue and Expenses
Balance service revenues with various expense types, including rent, utilities, and salaries. - Loans and Interest
Learn how to record borrowing, loan repayments, and the associated interest expenses.
Ledger Format Breakdown:
Each problem includes its respective debit and credit entries with a clear breakdown of the transaction.
The ledger format used in these examples helps you visualize how each transaction affects different accounts, ensuring that your debits and credits always align.
Benefits of This Guide:
- Practical Learning: Solve real-world transactions with explanations to solidify your understanding.
- Comprehensive Coverage: From simple cash transactions to complex loan entries, this guide covers a wide range of scenarios.
- Easy-to-Follow Format: The use of clear ledger formats for each transaction ensures you can follow along step by step.
List of 30 Transactions
Here’s a list of transactions from simple to more complex. These will be used to create ledger entries, with each transaction representing a business event.
- January 1 – Owner invested $10,000 in cash to start the business.
- January 2 – Purchased office supplies for $500 in cash.
- January 4 – Purchased equipment for $2,000 on credit.
- January 5 – Paid $1,200 rent for January in cash.
- January 7 – Provided services to a client for $3,000, and the client paid in cash.
- January 8 – Provided services to a client for $1,500 on credit.
- January 9 – Paid $2,000 to a supplier for equipment purchased on January 4.
- January 10 – Received $1,500 from a client for services provided on January 8.
- January 11 – Purchased inventory worth $3,000 on credit.
- January 12 – Sold inventory worth $1,500 for $2,500 on credit.
- January 13 – Paid $700 for utilities.
- January 14 – Purchased furniture for $1,500 in cash.
- January 15 – Borrowed $5,000 from a bank.
- January 16 – Paid $500 wages to employees.
- January 17 – Received $2,500 for inventory sold on January 12.
- January 18 – Paid $2,000 to the supplier for inventory purchased on January 11.
- January 19 – Owner withdrew $1,000 in cash for personal use.
- January 20 – Paid $600 for advertising.
- January 21 – Purchased office supplies for $300 on credit.
- January 22 – Sold inventory worth $2,000 for $3,500 on credit.
- January 23 – Received $3,500 from a customer for inventory sold on January 22.
- January 24 – Paid $300 for the office supplies purchased on January 21.
- January 25 – Paid $800 for transportation expenses.
- January 26 – Issued a refund to a customer for returned goods worth $500 (sold on January 22).
- January 27 – Purchased new equipment for $4,500 in cash.
- January 28 – Received $500 from the customer for goods returned on January 26.
- January 29 – Paid $400 interest on the loan borrowed from the bank on January 15.
- January 30 – Paid $1,000 wages to employees.
- January 31 – Owner contributed additional $3,000 to the business.
- January 31 – Paid $2,000 for January’s final electricity bill.
Solutions:
Now we will provide the ledger entries for each of the transactions listed, one by one.
1. January 1 – Owner Invested $10,000 in Cash
Ledger Entries:
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 1 | Capital (Owner’s Investment) | $10,000 | $10,000 |
Capital Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 1 | Cash (Owner’s Investment) | $10,000 | $10,000 |
Explanation:
The owner’s investment increases the capital and cash balance, so we debit cash and credit capital.
2. January 2 – Purchased Office Supplies for $500 in Cash
Ledger Entries:
Office Supplies Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 2 | Cash (Purchased Supplies) | $500 | $500 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 2 | Office Supplies (Purchased) | $500 | $9,500 |
Explanation:
Office supplies increase as they are purchased, so we debit office supplies. Cash is decreased, so we credit the cash account.
3. January 4 – Purchased Equipment for $2,000 on Credit
Ledger Entries:
Equipment Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 4 | Accounts Payable (Purchased Equipment) | $2,000 | $2,000 |
Accounts Payable Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 4 | Equipment (Purchased) | $2,000 | $2,000 |
Explanation:
The equipment account is debited because the business acquires an asset. Accounts payable is credited because the equipment is purchased on credit.
4. January 5 – Paid $1,200 Rent for January in Cash
Ledger Entries:
Rent Expense Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 5 | Cash (Rent Payment) | $1,200 | $1,200 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 5 | Rent Expense (Paid Rent) | $1,200 | $8,300 |
Explanation:
The rent expense is recorded as a debit, and cash is credited to reduce the business’s cash balance.
5. January 7 – Provided Services to a Client for $3,000, Paid in Cash
Ledger Entries:
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 7 | Service Revenue (Provided Services) | $3,000 | $11,300 |
Service Revenue Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 7 | Cash (Received Payment) | $3,000 | $3,000 |
Explanation:
The business receives cash, so cash is debited. Service revenue is credited as the business earns income from providing services.
6. January 8 – Provided Services to a Client for $1,500 on Credit
Ledger Entries:
Accounts Receivable Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 8 | Service Revenue (Provided Services) | $1,500 | $1,500 |
Service Revenue Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 8 | Accounts Receivable (Credit Sales) | $1,500 | $4,500 |
Explanation:
Since the services are provided on credit, the accounts receivable account is debited, and service revenue is credited.
7. January 9 – Paid $2,000 to a Supplier for Equipment Purchased on January 4
Ledger Entries:
Accounts Payable Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 9 | Cash (Payment for Equipment) | $2,000 | $0 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 9 | Accounts Payable (Payment) | $2,000 | $9,300 |
Explanation:
The accounts payable balance is settled by debiting it and reducing the cash account by crediting cash.
8. January 10 – Received $1,500 from a Client for Services Provided on January 8
Ledger Entries:
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 10 | Accounts Receivable (Collected) | $1,500 | $10,800 |
Accounts Receivable Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 10 | Cash (Received Payment) | $1,500 | $0 |
Explanation:
The cash account is debited as the business receives the payment, while accounts receivable is credited to reflect the collection of outstanding amounts.
9. January 11 – Purchased Inventory Worth $3,000 on Credit
Ledger Entries:
Inventory Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 11 | Accounts Payable (Purchased Inventory) | $3,000 | $3,000 |
Accounts Payable Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 11 | Inventory (Purchased) | $3,000 | $3,000 |
Explanation:
Inventory is debited to record the purchase of stock, and accounts payable is credited as it is purchased on credit.
10. January 12 – Sold Inventory Worth $1,500 for $2,500 on Credit
Ledger Entries:
Accounts Receivable Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 12 | Sales Revenue (Credit Sale) | $2,500 | $2,500 |
Sales Revenue Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 12 | Accounts Receivable (Sales Revenue) | $2,500 | $7,000 |
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 12 | Inventory (Cost of Goods Sold) | $1,500 | $1,500 |
Inventory Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 12 | Cost of Goods Sold (Sold Inventory) | $1,500 | $1,500 |
Explanation:
Sales revenue is recorded at $2,500 by debiting accounts receivable, as it is on credit. The inventory sold has a cost of $1,500, recorded in the COGS and inventory accounts.
11. January 13 – Paid $700 for Utilities
Ledger Entries:
Utilities Expense Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 13 | Cash (Paid Utilities) | $700 | $700 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 13 | Utilities Expense (Paid) | $700 | $10,100 |
Explanation:
The business pays for utilities, which decreases cash and increases the utilities expense.
12. January 14 – Purchased Furniture for $1,500 in Cash
Ledger Entries:
Furniture Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 14 | Cash (Purchased Furniture) | $1,500 | $1,500 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 14 | Furniture (Purchased) | $1,500 | $8,600 |
Explanation:
The furniture account is debited because it increases the asset base, and the cash account is credited to reflect the cash outflow.
13. January 15 – Borrowed $5,000 from the Bank
Ledger Entries:
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 15 | Bank Loan (Borrowed) | $5,000 | $13,600 |
Bank Loan Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 15 | Cash (Loan Received) | $5,000 | $5,000 |
Explanation:
The business receives cash from the loan, so the cash account is debited, and the bank loan liability account is credited.
14. January 16 – Paid $500 Wages to Employees
Ledger Entries:
Wages Expense Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 16 | Cash (Wages Paid) | $500 | $500 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 16 | Wages Expense (Paid) | $500 | $13,100 |
Explanation:
Wages expense is debited to reflect the cost of labor, and the cash account is credited as the payment is made in cash.
15. January 17 – Received $2,500 for Inventory Sold on January 12
Ledger Entries:
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 17 | Accounts Receivable (Received) | $2,500 | $15,600 |
Accounts Receivable Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 17 | Cash (Received Payment) | $2,500 | $0 |
Explanation:
The cash account is debited as payment is received for the credit sale made earlier, and accounts receivable is credited to clear the outstanding balance.
16. January 18 – Paid $2,000 to the Supplier for Inventory Purchased on January 11
Ledger Entries:
Accounts Payable Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 18 | Cash (Payment for Inventory) | $2,000 | $1,000 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 18 | Accounts Payable (Paid) | $2,000 | $13,600 |
Explanation:
The payment reduces the accounts payable balance, so accounts payable is debited, and cash is credited for the outflow.
17. January 19 – Owner Withdrew $1,000 in Cash for Personal Use
Ledger Entries:
Drawings Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 19 | Cash (Owner’s Withdrawal) | $1,000 | $1,000 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 19 | Drawings (Owner’s Withdrawal) | $1,000 | $12,600 |
Explanation:
The owner’s withdrawal decreases both cash and capital, so the cash account is credited, and the drawings account is debited.
18. January 20 – Paid $600 for Advertising
Ledger Entries:
Advertising Expense Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 20 | Cash (Paid Advertising) | $600 | $600 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 20 | Advertising Expense (Paid) | $600 | $12,000 |
Explanation:
Advertising expense is debited to reflect the cost incurred, and cash is credited to show the outflow.
19. January 21 – Purchased Office Supplies for $300 on Credit
Ledger Entries:
Office Supplies Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 21 | Accounts Payable (Purchased) | $300 | $800 |
Accounts Payable Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 21 | Office Supplies (Purchased on Credit) | $300 | $1,300 |
Explanation:
Office supplies are purchased on credit, so the supplies account is debited, and accounts payable is credited for the outstanding balance.
20. January 22 – Sold Inventory Worth $2,000 for $3,500 on Credit
Ledger Entries:
Accounts Receivable Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 22 | Sales Revenue (Credit Sale) | $3,500 | $3,500 |
Sales Revenue Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 22 | Accounts Receivable (Credit Sale) | $3,500 | $10,500 |
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 22 | Inventory (Sold Inventory) | $2,000 | $3,500 |
Inventory Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 22 | Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) | $2,000 | $2,000 |
Explanation:
The sale increases accounts receivable (as it’s a credit sale), while sales revenue is credited. Additionally, the cost of goods sold (COGS) is recorded, and inventory is reduced.
21. January 23 – Received $3,500 from a Customer for Inventory Sold on January 22
Ledger Entries:
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 23 | Accounts Receivable (Payment Received) | $3,500 | $15,500 |
Accounts Receivable Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 23 | Cash (Received) | $3,500 | $0 |
Explanation:
The customer pays the outstanding amount, so cash is debited, and accounts receivable is credited to clear the balance.
22. January 24 – Paid $300 for Office Supplies Purchased on January 21
Ledger Entries:
Accounts Payable Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 24 | Cash (Paid for Supplies) | $300 | $1,000 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 24 | Accounts Payable (Payment for Supplies) | $300 | $15,200 |
Explanation:
Payment for office supplies reduces both accounts payable and cash.
23. January 25 – Paid $200 for Office Cleaning
Ledger Entries:
Office Cleaning Expense Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 25 | Cash (Office Cleaning) | $200 | $200 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 25 | Office Cleaning Expense | $200 | $15,000 |
Explanation:
The office cleaning expense account is debited for the cost of cleaning, while cash is credited to reflect the cash outflow.
24. January 26 – Paid $1,000 Interest on Bank Loan
Ledger Entries:
Interest Expense Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 26 | Cash (Interest Paid) | $1,000 | $1,000 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 26 | Interest Expense | $1,000 | $14,000 |
Explanation:
Interest expense is debited because it reflects the cost incurred on the loan, and the cash account is credited for the amount paid.
25. January 27 – Received $4,500 from Customer for Services Rendered
Ledger Entries:
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 27 | Service Revenue (Rendered) | $4,500 | $18,500 |
Service Revenue Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 27 | Cash (Received for Services) | $4,500 | $4,500 |
Explanation:
Cash is debited as the company receives money from providing services, and service revenue is credited to show the income earned.
26. January 28 – Paid $250 for Repairs and Maintenance
Ledger Entries:
Repairs and Maintenance Expense Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 28 | Cash (Repairs Paid) | $250 | $250 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 28 | Repairs and Maintenance | $250 | $18,250 |
Explanation:
The repairs and maintenance expense is debited to reflect the cost incurred for repair work, and cash is credited as it reduces the available cash.
27. January 29 – Purchased Office Equipment for $2,500 on Credit
Ledger Entries:
Office Equipment Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 29 | Accounts Payable (Purchased on Credit) | $2,500 | $2,500 |
Accounts Payable Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 29 | Office Equipment (Purchased on Credit) | $2,500 | $2,500 |
Explanation:
Office equipment is debited to reflect the addition of assets, while accounts payable is credited to record the liability for the unpaid amount.
28. January 30 – Paid $2,500 for Office Equipment Purchased on Credit
Ledger Entries:
Accounts Payable Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 30 | Cash (Paid for Equipment) | $2,500 | $0 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 30 | Accounts Payable (Paid) | $2,500 | $15,750 |
Explanation:
The accounts payable is debited to reduce the outstanding liability, and cash is credited for the amount paid.
29. January 31 – Owner Contributed $5,000 Cash to the Business
Ledger Entries:
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 31 | Capital (Owner Contribution) | $5,000 | $20,750 |
Capital Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 31 | Cash (Owner Contribution) | $5,000 | $5,000 |
Explanation:
The owner’s contribution increases both cash and capital, so the cash account is debited, and the capital account is credited.
30. January 31 – Paid $1,000 for Rent for the Next Month
Ledger Entries:
Prepaid Rent Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 31 | Cash (Paid Rent) | $1,000 | $1,000 |
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 31 | Prepaid Rent (Paid) | $1,000 | $19,750 |
Explanation:
Since the rent payment is for the next month, it is recorded as a prepaid expense, debiting the prepaid rent account and crediting cash for the outflow.
Final ledger Entries
Here’s the final ledger format that incorporates all 30 transactions, broken down by account. The format shows all debits, credits, and balances for each account involved. Let’s start with the main accounts used in the 30 transactions:
Cash Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 1 | Owner’s Equity (Initial Capital) | $10,000 | $10,000 | |
Jan 2 | Accounts Receivable (Services Rendered) | $5,000 | $15,000 | |
Jan 3 | Equipment (Purchased) | $2,000 | $13,000 | |
Jan 4 | Utilities Expense (Paid) | $500 | $12,500 | |
Jan 5 | Supplies (Purchased) | $300 | $12,200 | |
Jan 6 | Rent Expense (Paid) | $1,000 | $11,200 | |
Jan 7 | Accounts Receivable (Collected) | $3,000 | $14,200 | |
Jan 8 | Service Revenue (Rendered) | $2,500 | $16,700 | |
Jan 9 | Salaries Expense (Paid) | $2,000 | $14,700 | |
Jan 10 | Utilities Expense (Paid) | $500 | $14,200 | |
Jan 11 | Supplies (Purchased) | $300 | $13,900 | |
Jan 12 | Accounts Payable (Paid) | $1,500 | $12,400 | |
Jan 13 | Miscellaneous Revenue (Received) | $1,000 | $13,400 | |
Jan 14 | Supplies Expense (Paid) | $200 | $13,200 | |
Jan 15 | Office Rent (Paid) | $1,000 | $12,200 | |
Jan 16 | Owner Withdrawal (Paid) | $500 | $11,700 | |
Jan 17 | Sales Revenue (Received) | $3,000 | $14,700 | |
Jan 18 | Equipment (Purchased on Credit) | $1,500 | $13,200 | |
Jan 19 | Salaries Expense (Paid) | $2,500 | $10,700 | |
Jan 20 | Bank Loan (Received) | $10,000 | $20,700 | |
Jan 21 | Loan Payment (Paid) | $5,000 | $15,700 | |
Jan 22 | Insurance Expense (Paid) | $500 | $15,200 | |
Jan 23 | Accounts Receivable (Collected) | $1,100 | $16,300 | |
Jan 24 | Accounts Payable (Paid for Supplies) | $300 | $16,000 | |
Jan 25 | Office Cleaning Expense (Paid) | $200 | $15,800 | |
Jan 26 | Interest Expense (Paid) | $1,000 | $14,800 | |
Jan 27 | Service Revenue (Received) | $4,500 | $19,300 | |
Jan 28 | Repairs and Maintenance Expense (Paid) | $250 | $19,050 | |
Jan 29 | Office Equipment (Purchased on Credit) | |||
Jan 30 | Accounts Payable (Paid for Equipment) |
Accounts Receivable
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 2 | Service Revenue | $5,000 | $5,000 | |
Jan 7 | Cash (Collected) | $3,000 | $2,000 | |
Jan 23 | Cash (Collected) | $1,100 | $900 |
Equipment Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 3 | Cash (Equipment Purchase) | $2,000 | $2,000 | |
Jan 18 | Accounts Payable (Purchased on Credit) | $1,500 | $3,500 |
Supplies Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 5 | Cash (Supplies Purchase) | $300 | $300 | |
Jan 11 | Cash (Additional Purchase) | $300 | $600 |
Accounts Payable
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 12 | Cash (Paid) | $1,500 | $1,500 | |
Jan 18 | Equipment Purchase (Credit) | $1,500 | $3,000 | |
Jan 24 | Cash (Supplies Paid) | $300 | $2,700 |
Service Revenue
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 2 | Accounts Receivable (Services Rendered) | $5,000 | $5,000 | |
Jan 8 | Cash (Received) | $2,500 | $7,500 | |
Jan 17 | Cash (Sales Revenue) | $3,000 | $10,500 | |
Jan 27 | Cash (Service Revenue) | $4,500 | $15,000 |
Inventory Account
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 1 | Beginning Inventory | $3,000 | $3,000 | |
Jan 10 | Purchases | $1,500 | $4,500 | |
Jan 28 | Ending Inventory | $2,000 | $2,500 |
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 28 | Cost of Goods Sold (from Inventory) | $2,000 | $2,000 |
Rent Expense
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 6 | Cash (Rent Paid) | $1,000 | $1,000 | |
Jan 15 | Cash (Office Rent) | $1,000 | $2,000 |
Utilities Expense
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 4 | Cash (Paid) | $500 | $500 | |
Jan 10 | Cash (Paid) | $500 | $1,000 |
Salaries Expense
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 9 | Cash (Paid) | $2,000 | $2,000 | |
Jan 19 | Cash (Paid) | $2,500 | $4,500 |
Owner’s Equity
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 1 | Cash (Initial Capital) | $10,000 | $10,000 |
Office Cleaning Expense
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 25 | Cash (Cleaning Service Paid) | $200 | $200 |
Miscellaneous Revenue
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 13 | Cash (Received) | $1,000 | $1,000 |
Owner’s Withdrawal (Drawings)
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 16 | Cash (Owner Withdrawal) | $500 | $500 |
Bank Loan
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 20 | Cash (Received) | $10,000 | $10,000 | |
Jan 21 | Cash (Loan Payment) | $5,000 | $5,000 |
Insurance Expense
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 22 | Cash (Paid) | $500 | $500 |
Interest Expense
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 26 | Cash (Paid) | $1,000 | $1,000 |
Repairs and Maintenance Expense
Date | Particulars | Debit | Credit | Balance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 28 | Cash (Paid) | $250 | $250 |
Conclusion:
By going through these 30 accounting problems and their solutions, you’ll gain a strong understanding of how to accurately manage and record general ledger entries.
Bookmark this post as a reference whenever you need guidance on ledger transactions. Explore more practical examples and resources on our Accounting Challenges page. Happy learning!